Report by Guardian
Edited by Ononye VC
The Senate, on Wednesday, abandoned its previous hard-line stance and approved the conversion to a 40-year bond of the FG’s ₦23.72 trillion unappropriated expenditure funded by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its ways and means (W&M) window.
President Muhammadu Buhari, last year, wrote to the National Assembly to approve the amount alongside a fresh ₦1 trillion it planned to take from the window (bringing the total value earmarked for securitisation to ₦23.72 trillion) for conversion to a 40-year tenure bond priced at nine per cent.
The bond conversion, which would ultimately move the amount from the balance sheet of the CBN to the Debt Management Office (DMO) for management, has a three-year moratorium, the Buhari administration disclosed.
The Senate and the House of Representatives had at several times turned down approval for lack of proper explanation on how proceeds of the loans would be spent.
With the Senate’s approval, the president’s efforts to push through has now narrowed to the House of Representatives, which had rejected the plea for lack of sufficient explanation of the utilisation of the facility. Sources said the Reps might discuss the request for possible approval when they convene next week.
The lower chamber would have approved the fresh additional borrowing of ₦1 trillion before proceeding on election recess but held back its approval for the restructuring of the controversial ₦22.72 trillion, seeking further explanation on the accumulation.
When the lower chamber of the National Assembly approves the request, the amount would be moved from the CBN book where it is currently being serviced at 21 per cent interest. The federal government said it agreed to an interest rate payment of the going monetary policy rate (MPR) plus 300 basis points (bps) as the price of the loan. MPR is currently 18 per cent with the possibility of a further upward review.
Buhari hinted late last year that the FG would spend an additional ₦1.8 trillion servicing the debt, except it is converted to a sovereign bond priced at nine per cent. The Guardian had reported that with the current interest of 21 per cent, the government could spend as much as ₦4.6 trillion as the cost of yearly servicing.
If the president secures consolidated approval in the coming weeks, the current cost of the loan would come down by as much as 57 per cent. But that depends on if the negotiated nine per cent bond price subsists as the cost of commercial debt has increased in the past months.
The approval could open a floodgate of litigation over the legality of the accumulated W&M advanced ab initio. When the Buhari administration assumed office, CBN’s overdraft to the government stood at ₦789.7 billion. The amount has since 2015 ballooned by 2,902 per cent to its current value (₦23.72 trillion).
But the controversy is more about its alleged violation of the CBN Act than the alarming growth. According to Section 38 of the CBN Act, “the Central Bank may grant temporary advances to the Federal Government in respect of temporary deficiency of budget revenue at such rate as the Bank may determine”.
But it adds: “The total amount of such advances outstanding shall not at any time exceed five per cent of the previous year’s actual revenue of the Federal Government. All advances shall be repaid as soon as possible and shall, in any event, be repayable by the end of the Federal Government financial year in which they are granted and if such advances remain unpaid at the end of the year, the power of the bank to grant such further advances in any subsequent year shall not be exercisable, unless the outstanding advances have been repaid.”
Yesterday, a renowned monetary policy expert and professor of applied economics, Godwin Owoh, said the Senate’s approval amounts to illegality that would be challenged by the court by interested Nigerians.
Describing the legislative action as approval in arrears, he said the National Assembly should have focused on interrogating how the proceeds of the loans, which were not appropriated.
The administration relied on the window to cater to short-term or emergency needs and fund delayed expected cash receipts.
Adopting the report of its special committee on W&M advances, which considered the request of the president on the issue, the Senate said the restructuring was approved because the advances were made to ensure that the government did not shut down.
The Senate further approved the sum of ₦180.46 billion being the balance of the supplementary budget and the interest accrued on the W&M advances.
The upper legislative chamber warned that subsequently “if there is a need to exceed the five per cent threshold of the prior year’s revenue, recourse must be made to the National Assembly for approval”.
On states, whose budget shortfalls were also funded through the CBN lending window, the Senate advised: “The Federal Government should begin the process of recovering the portion of the W&M given as loans to state governments as further deferment of the repayment of the loans by the states will not be healthy for the economy.”
It also urged the government to expedite action on the repayment of the loans through treasury bills and bond issuance, saying it will not condone future accumulation without recourse to the National Assembly.
Presenting the report of the special committee, its chairman and senate majority leader, Ibrahim Abdullahi Gobir, said the committee found out that “part of the monies were given to state governments as loans to augment budgetary shortfalls in their various states”.
“Most of the requests for funds for an increase in W&M were made to Mr. President on the need to finance the budget due to revenue shortfall. Such requests were either made by the Minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning or the CBN Governor.
“The Federal Government as a result of revenue shortfalls occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic and low oil prices relied heavily on the W&M to finance its budget deficit to keep the country working for the people. The monies received by the Federal Government were actually used for funding critical projects across the country.
“Due to the serious shortfall in Government Revenue, the Federal Government for the economy not to collapse, was compelled to borrow repeatedly from the CBN, exceeding the five per cent threshold of the prior year’s revenue as stipulated by the CBN Act,” the report stated.
The report further disclosed, “the Federal Government through the Ministry of Finance, Budget, and National Planning has concluded plans to convert the CBN loans to tradable securities such as treasury bills and bond issuance”.
Mobilising his colleagues for the rejection of the president’s request earlier, Senator George Thompson Sekibo explained that the advances were illegal and unconstitutional. He informed the Senate that the action of the 0resident was in breach of the CBN Act and the Senate standing rules.
“We should be abreast with the information that such money was going to be taken because it was being taken on behalf of the people of Nigeria and we are entrusted with the power to make laws. They brought this without details for us to approve,” the Senator said.
But the senate president, Ahmed Lawan, attempted several times to get the Senate to accede to the president’s request – a plea that hit the rock.
